Awardees

Archaeological data from excavations at Cap des Tamaris and Cap de l'Arquet have enabled us to reconstruct precise plans of Gallic villages perched atop these cliffs. Ancient and recent archaeological data indicate that the cliffs at Cap de l'Arquet were ablated by between 2 and 6 metres in 2600 years. These values are 2 to 3 times higher than the erosion rates calculated in J. Giuliano's thesis (2015). However, he proposes two different methodological approaches, on two time scales, one centennial using image processing, the other millennial using cosmonuclide (36Cl) surface denudation dating. Both methods produce the same maximum average erosion rate (1mm.yr-1). However, these values are not compatible with archaeological data. We propose to integrate archaeological data into the consideration of cliff erosion rates. But also to integrate underwater morphology and recent Holocene variations in sea level into the understanding of erosion mechanisms.

Partner(s):

• Martigues Archaeological Department

This interdisciplinary project is part of a programmed archaeological operation on an ancient burial site in the mountains of Val d'Allos (04). The aim is to carry out pedoanthracological sampling outside the archaeological context, in order to supplement the paleoenvironmental data provided by the analysis of charcoal collected in the archaeological context. Pedoanthracology applies to wood charcoal buried naturally in soils following vegetation fires of natural or anthropogenic origin. The high spatial resolution of these data makes it possible to reconstruct the vegetation environment around archaeological sites. The comparison of anthracological, archaeological and historical data on the same site enables us to refine our knowledge of the surrounding vegetation and the consequences of human activities on its evolution over the last millennia (structural, specific and functional biodiversity).

This project questions the way in which ancient societies considered death and managed their dead in evolving contexts, through a multidisciplinary approach, bringing together collaborators in archaeothanatology, biological anthropology, archaeology, history, environmental and societal sciences. Our aim is to develop a vast network of collaborations, both disciplinary and geographical, in order to create a truly interdisciplinary hub on death and funerary practices. We intend to initiate this vast project through various research themes: the relationship between land use, land law and the installation of funerary areas; the expression of social identity in death; the plurality of cultures/communities in the perception of death, the body and burial; territorial reorganization and funerary practices; relationships between categories of the population in the expression of funerary practices; populations (constitutions, evolution, pluralities). The project will be carried out in 3 phases, each lasting 6 months, and will involve developing and consolidating our research networks, particularly Internationally, as well as advancing or completing current research, with a view to publications, symposia, etc., and initiating a training program of excellence in archaeoanthropology.

Significant variability exists in the distribution and quantity of archaeological sites from many periods in the Mediterranean. The sedimentation rhythms reconstructed over the last 50,000 years in this region suggest a major impact of morphosedimentary processes on the preservation and/or destruction of these sites. However, these morphogenic trends associated with bioclimatic variations have yet to be specified at a sufficiently high resolution to enable us to identify in detail what human-environment interactions or taphonomic conditions are responsible for the spatialization, presence or absence of sites. Based on a multiscalar geomorphological analysis (from watershed to elemental scale) integrating archaeological and paleoenvironmental data and exploring sedimentology and geochemistry, the results envisaged aim to better decipher the part played by complex processes in understanding and characterizing archaeological risks in the field. This detailed reading will also enable us to highlight certain rapid events (climate, floods, earthquakes, landslides, etc.) that may have had an impact on the taphonomy of sites, human occupation patterns (natural hazards) and the way in which societies were able to overcome or adapt to environmental changes.

Partner(s):

• Physical Geography Laboratory (LGP - Paris)
• Luberon Regional Nature Park
• Institute of Evolutionary Sciences (ISEM - Montpellier)
• Mediterranean Institute of Biodiversity and Marine and Continental Ecology (IMBE - Aix-Marseille)
• University of Turin (Italy)
• Abdelmalek Essaâdi University (Tangier - Morocco)

The aim of this project is to reconstruct the human-environment interactions of the ancient port area located in the northeastern part of the Lacydon calanque (Bourse site, Marseilles), which was once under water. Positioned at the mouth of several streams, the influx of fresh water had to lower the degree of salinity in this part of the port, and was dependent on the various developments that followed until the 7th century AD.C. The aim of this research is to bring together geomorphological, geophysical, paleoenvironmental, archaeological and historical disciplines, in order to gain a better understanding of the transformation processes in this coastal area and to distinguish between the natural and man-made aspects, while placing the various societies in the economic and geopolitical contexts of their time. This project focuses on three points: 1. characterization of the lateral displacement of the coastline in this part of the calanque through geomorphological study of the sedimentary archives collected over the past year; 2. analysis of paleo-bioindicators in order to detail the various changes in hydrological dynamics and correlate them with the archaeological remains uncovered; 3. a past/present reflection on the hydrological aspects of the site through the implementation of geophysical methods (electromagnetic, radar, ERT).

Partner(s):

• Marseille History Museum
• University of Bucharest (Romania)

Marine resources are one of the mainstays of the Mediterranean diet. How they were acquired and consumed in southern France is still poorly understood by archaeologists in historic times. However, archaeological tools in other parts of Western Europe and in certain regions of the Mediterranean have revealed hitherto little-known aspects of these practices. This project is the first to combine an archaeo-ichthyological approach to the medieval and modern periods in southern France with an analysis of the isotopic signatures of certain taxa. This innovative, transdisciplinary approach will initially involve three medieval and modern sites in Provence. An essential part of this pilot project will also involve the establishment of an unprecedented current reference system, essential for reliable and accurate interpretation of the isotopic results. This repository will incorporate ichthyological reference collections from Aix-en-Provence and Madrid. At the end of this Amorce project, the deployment of a similar project throughout the Mediterranean, thanks to collaboration with several European laboratories and universities, will enable a diachronic approach to this essential practice of Mediterranean life.

Partner(s):

• Autonomous University of Madrid (Spain)

The aim of this project is to apply a cross-archaeological, geomorphological and archaeo-geophysical approach to characterize the paleoenvironmental contexts that affected the evolution of the Great Pyramids harbors ca. 4500 years ago. To reveal the main stages in the history of the ports, the focus will be on understanding the factors of change, more specifically (i) the evolution of the swamps and wetlands of the floodplains at the foot of the Giza plateau; (ii) fluvial constraints (cf. catastrophic floods, sedimentary crises, etc.), which have led to the silting-up of port basins and caused a break in sedimentary sequences or abrupt changes; (iii) the impacts of human actions (direct, such as engineering works, channelization and dredging, or indirect impacts
such as clearing of riparian forests). Understanding the environmental and anthropogenic factors in the evolution of the ports of Giza - and its network of canals linked to the Nile - will constitute an essential scientific advance for a better understanding of the construction processes of the Great Pyramids and the ecological and h drological trajectory of the ports in terms of navigability.

Partner(s):

• National Research Institute of Astronomy & Geophysics (Hellwan - Egypt)

Granite column shafts were an emblematic component of Roman architecture from the end of the 1st century AD onwards. The main sources distributed throughout the Mediterranean were Turkey, Egypt, the Tuscan islands and Sardinia. Local sources considered little or non-exported have also been identified in Spain, Corsica and the Maghreb. The application of a new, more reliable protocol for identifying these sources by site, by geographical entity and by period may provide new insights into the history of connections and exchanges in the Mediterranean and, more broadly, in Europe and the Middle East. The aims of this project are: 1. to identify the origins of materials, whether imported or of local origin; 2. to work from a diachronic perspective, focusing on the question of late-antique, medieval and modern reuse in France, compared with Italy, Spain and the Maghreb.

The Aegina Port City 2019-2023 project is part of the Centre Camille-Jullian's maritime archaeological research programs. It also falls within IRAA's field of expertise in monumental architectural analysis and restitution. It is also characterized by its interdisciplinarity, the aim being to study diachronically the port and coastal installations of the maritime city of Aegina (Aegean Sea, Greece) from the 6th century BC to the end of the Byzantine era.

It is based on an official collaboration between the Greek Ministry of Culture's Ephorate of Underwater Antiquities, the Centre Camille Jullian and the École française d'Athènes, and is the first collaborative underwater archaeology program by a French university in the Aegean archipelago. It forms part of the scientific program of the École française d'Athènes, as it is one of the eight annual grants awarded to the institution by the Greek government, and is also part of the "Sharing the Sea" research program run by the Centre Camille Jullian (Program 2: Coastal Spaces).

The project has four main objectives:

• Interdisciplinary research in coastal and underwater archaeology;
• Innovative - even experimental - data acquisition techniques and methods, particularly topographical and architectural;
• Training the next generation of maritime archaeologists in the Mediterranean, with the establishment of an international training camp;
• Enhancing the value of the site by developing new approaches to underwater and coastal archaeology in the Mediterranean and Internationally.
  

Partner(s):

• Ephorate of Underwater Antiquities (Ministry of Culture - Greece)
• French School of Athens
• University of Patras (Greece)
• National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (Greece)
• Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (Mainz - Germany)
• Istituto superiore per la conservazione e il restauro (Rome - Italy)
• University of Peloponnese (Tripoli - Greece)

The vast majority of the material unearthed during excavations is ceramic, but it is often difficult to assign a definite provenance to a piece of pottery, except in the relatively rare cases where the production workshops are known. Faced with these uncertainties, archaeologists often call on the help of archaeometers to go beyond visual observations. The C3X project aims to produce 10 chemical calibration kits for ceramics of various origins, measured using portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (pXRF). This project is rooted in the pXRF user network (IRN-CNRS pXRFCUN project). Each of these kits will comprise 15 ceramics in the form of fusion discs (beads), accompanied by the corresponding analytical results and statistics. These results will be obtained using conventional methods (ICP-MS & OES, laboratory XRF) and pXRF. Each kit user will then be able to refer to these values to inter-calibrate his or her own instrument, so that results obtained in the various network partner laboratories will be comparable. The kits will be accompanied by a guide describing the protocols used and the ceramics selected. C3X will also be used to produce educational documents for archaeologists and archaeometers, notably as part of the Céramopôle and A*MIDEX TRIADS projects.